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Exam 24: Hiv and Aids

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Question 21

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Premises

Responses

retrovirus

the level of virus or viral markers measured in the blood

integrase inhibitors

loss or absence of fat, or the abnormal distribution of fat in the body

body cell mass

a virus that carries RNA rather than DNA

CD4 cell

an accumulation of lactic acid in the body characterized by abdominal pain, vomiting, and rapid breathing

protease inhibitors

medications that interrupt the viral replication cycle by inhibiting enzymes that allow the transcribed viral DNA to integrate into the host cell DNA

reverse transcriptase inhibitors

medications that interrupt the viral replication cycle by inhibiting enzymes that allow the viral RNA to be transcribed to DNA before being integrated into the host cell DNA

lipodystrophy syndrome

medications that interrupt the viral replication cycle by inhibiting fusion of the HIV virus to the target cell

fusion inhibitors

medications that interrupt the viral replication cycle by inhibiting enzymes that allow the viral proteins to be cleaved for reassembly into viral cores

oxidative stress

kcalorie-using protein stores in the body

viral load

immune cell that is one of the primary targets of HIV for infection

lactic acidosis

the imbalance of pro-oxidant production and the body's antioxidant supplies that yields cell damage

Premises

retrovirus

integrase inhibitors

body cell mass

CD4 cell

protease inhibitors

reverse transcriptase inhibitors

lipodystrophy syndrome

fusion inhibitors

oxidative stress

viral load

lactic acidosis

Responses

the level of virus or viral markers measured in the blood

loss or absence of fat, or the abnormal distribution of fat in the body

a virus that carries RNA rather than DNA

an accumulation of lactic acid in the body characterized by abdominal pain, vomiting, and rapid breathing

medications that interrupt the viral replication cycle by inhibiting enzymes that allow the transcribed viral DNA to integrate into the host cell DNA

medications that interrupt the viral replication cycle by inhibiting enzymes that allow the viral RNA to be transcribed to DNA before being integrated into the host cell DNA

medications that interrupt the viral replication cycle by inhibiting fusion of the HIV virus to the target cell

medications that interrupt the viral replication cycle by inhibiting enzymes that allow the viral proteins to be cleaved for reassembly into viral cores

kcalorie-using protein stores in the body

immune cell that is one of the primary targets of HIV for infection

the imbalance of pro-oxidant production and the body's antioxidant supplies that yields cell damage

Show Answer

Correct Answer

Premises

Responses

retrovirus

integrase inhibitors

body cell mass

CD4 cell

protease inhibitors

reverse transcriptase inhibitors

lipodystrophy syndrome

fusion inhibitors

oxidative stress

viral load

lactic acidosis

Premises

retrovirus

integrase inhibitors

body cell mass

CD4 cell

protease inhibitors

reverse transcriptase inhibitors

lipodystrophy syndrome

fusion inhibitors

oxidative stress

viral load

lactic acidosis

Responses

Question 22

Multiple Choice

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Which of the following does not directly contribute to weight loss in the HIV population?

A) decreased viral load
B) increased nutrient needs
C) opportunistic infections
D) decreased po intake

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 23

Multiple Choice

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Which of the following terms describes the condition where fat is redistributed towards the central area of the body?

NP is a 30 yo F who was diagnosed with HIV 10 years ago after exposure to the virus as a result of sharing needles.She has come to an outpatient clinic to get her medications and is now being visited by a registered dietitian.She reports that a physician diagnosed her with listeriosis three months ago and prescribed anti-diarrheal medication. HT: 5'2      WT: 129#      UBW: 136# (3 months ago) CD4: 451 cells/µL       Alb: 2.9 mg/dL -Given NP's laboratory data, what cell count category is she in?

As HIV progresses and immunity continues to be impaired, low levels of _____ are associated with neurologic changes

The main cause of LBM depletion in the HIV-infected person is which of the following?

The heaviest concentration of HIV-infected persons is found among which of the following?

Case Study TW is a 45 yo M who presents to the hospital with candidiasis, malaise, and diarrhea.He reports that he finally came into the hospital because he has had diarrhea for over 4 weeks and is just "sick and tired." He cannot eat very much because of the "sores in my mouth." He doesn't know how much weight he has lost in total but it has been at least 30# since he was at the outpatient clinic last year. HT: 6'0      WT: 156# -Which side effect of the above may potentially affect his intake?

When an HIV-infected patient's immune system is weakened by the virus and the person is more prone to infection, what is the most likely scenario?

Low values of which of the following micronutrients are associated with inflammatory processes and poor immune function in the HIV-positive individual?

NP is a 30 yo F who was diagnosed with HIV 10 years ago after exposure to the virus as a result of sharing needles.She has come to an outpatient clinic to get her medications and is now being visited by a registered dietitian.She reports that a physician diagnosed her with listeriosis three months ago and prescribed anti-diarrheal medication. HT: 5'2      WT: 129#      UBW: 136# (3 months ago) CD4: 451 cells/µL       Alb: 2.9 mg/dL -Which of the following will the registered dietitian use when NP returns to measure her fat stores?

The _____ test allows for early detection of the virus and is followed by a confirmation test

One of the main complications of AIDS that contributes to a patient's mortality is:

NP is a 30 yo F who was diagnosed with HIV 10 years ago after exposure to the virus as a result of sharing needles.She has come to an outpatient clinic to get her medications and is now being visited by a registered dietitian.She reports that a physician diagnosed her with listeriosis three months ago and prescribed anti-diarrheal medication. HT: 5'2      WT: 129#      UBW: 136# (3 months ago) CD4: 451 cells/µL       Alb: 2.9 mg/dL -What is NP's % UBW?

One of the biggest challenges to the RD in providing nutrition therapy for HIV-infected patients is which of the following?

According to the CDC's clinical categories, a patient presenting with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy but no other HIV-related conditions is considered to be in which category?

Case Study TW is a 45 yo M who presents to the hospital with candidiasis, malaise, and diarrhea.He reports that he finally came into the hospital because he has had diarrhea for over 4 weeks and is just "sick and tired." He cannot eat very much because of the "sores in my mouth." He doesn't know how much weight he has lost in total but it has been at least 30# since he was at the outpatient clinic last year. HT: 6'0      WT: 156# -The registered dietitian completes his/her assessment on TW It can also be determined that TW has:

Case Study TW is a 45 yo M who presents to the hospital with candidiasis, malaise, and diarrhea.He reports that he finally came into the hospital because he has had diarrhea for over 4 weeks and is just "sick and tired." He cannot eat very much because of the "sores in my mouth." He doesn't know how much weight he has lost in total but it has been at least 30# since he was at the outpatient clinic last year. HT: 6'0      WT: 156# -All of the following are potential treatments for the above except: