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Exam 9: Extranuclear Inheritance

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Question 21

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The genes for light eyes (lt; light)and straw bristles (stw; straw)are tightly linked on chromosome 2 in Drosophila melanogaster.The Malpighian tubes of lt larvae and adults are maternally affected in that Malpighian tubes of lt/lt organisms,whose mothers were lt⁺/ˡᵗ and have more yellow pigment than those from lt/lt mothers.There is no maternal effect associated with the straw locus.Give the phenotypes of the offspring from the following crosses. $\begin{array}{lll}& \underline{\text { Female }} & \underline{\text { Male }} \\\text { Cross \#1: } & l t \text { stw/lt stw } & l t^{+} \text {stw } w^{+} / l t \text { stw } \\\text { Cross \#2: } & l t^{+} s t w / l t \text { stw } & l t \text { stw } w^{+} / l t s t w \\\text { Cross \#3: } &l t^{+} s t w w^{+} / l t \text { stw } & \text { lt stw/lt stw }\end{array}$

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Cross #1: 1/2 light Malpighian...

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Question 22

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Which of the following organelles are involved in the general category of organelle heredity?

A) mitochondria and chloroplasts
B) golgi and nuclei
C) lysosomes and peroxisomes
D) factors and episomes
E) golgi and rough endoplasmic reticulum

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Question 23

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Forms of inheritance that do not follow typical Mendelian patterns and that appear to be more influenced by the parent contributing the most cytoplasm to the embryo are grouped under the general heading of ________.

Inheritance of the green and white patches phenotype in Mirabilis jalapa (four o'clocks)is an example of maternal influence.

It appears as if the direction of shell coiling in Lymnaea peregra is influenced by the orientation of the first cleavage division.

How are reciprocal crosses used to identify cases of extrachromosomal inheritance? What criteria would one use to state that a particular mode of inheritance is extrachromosomal?

Direction of shell coiling in Lymnaea peregra is strongly and most directly influenced by_______.

Approximately one in5000 humans either have a mitochondrial DNA disorder or are at risk for developing such a disorder.What future approach involving nuclear transplantation might be available to treat mtDNA-based human disorders?

One explanation for organelle inheritance is that ________.

Maternal-effect patterns result when nuclear gene products controlled by the maternal genotype condition the egg and influence early development.Give two examples of maternal effects.

Why is variegation in four o'clock plants determined by the phenotype of the ovule source?

Researchers in the late 1950s isolated multiple antibiotic-resistant strains of the bacterium Shigella,which causes dysentery.Such resistance was caused by nonchromosomal R factors that originated in E.coli.Which of the following forms of extrachromosomal heredity-maternal effect,organelle heredity,infectious heredity-would you consider most closely related to the transfer bacterial antibiotic-resistant strains?

Mitochondrial mutations are passed equally to offspring by both males and females.

Name two human disorders that appear to be transmitted extrachromosomally.

In what way do segregational petite mutations differ from neutral petites?

To which of the following does the term heteroplasmy refer?

Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS)results in progressive loss of vision and hearing,as well as heart defects.What is the genetic basis for this disease?