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By the 1990s,the British pound had replaced the U.S.dollar as the world's key currency.

A) True
B) False

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False

International trade and investment are most frequently financed by the U.S.dollar and the:


A) Japanese yen
B) British pound
C) Australian dollar
D) Swiss franc

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is not considered an "owned" reserve?


A) National currencies
B) Gold
C) Special drawing rights
D) Oil facility

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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To reduce losses on developing country loans,commercial banks sometimes sell their loans,at a discount,to a developing country government for local currency which is then used to finance purchases of ownership shares in developing country industries.This practice is known as:


A) Debt forgiveness
B) Debt buyback
C) Debt-for-debt swap
D) Debt/equity swap

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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An advantage of international reserves is that they allow countries to sustain temporary balance-of-payments deficits until acceptable adjustment measures can operate to correct the disequilibrium.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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Gold is currently the most widely used asset in the international monetary system.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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When a deficit nation borrows from the International Monetary Fund,it purchases with its currency the foreign currency required to help finance the payments deficit.

A) True
B) False

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True

A nation may experience debt-servicing problems because of


A) Pursuit of improper macroeconomic policies
B) Inadequate borrowing
C) Adverse economic events
D) Both a and c

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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Eurocurrencies are deposits,denominated and payable in dollars and other foreign currencies,in banks outside the United States,primarily in London,the market's center.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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Which indicator of international debt burden schedules interest and principal payments on long-term debt as a percent of export earnings?


A) Debt service ratio
B) Debt-to-export ratio
C) Ratio of external debt to gross domestic product
D) Ratio of external debt to gross national product

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Concerning international lending risk of commercial banks,____ is associated with possible changes in the exchange value of a nation's currency.


A) Political risk
B) Country risk
C) Credit risk
D) Currency risk

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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How can a bank reduce its exposure to the debt of developing nations?

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It can reduce exposure through...

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All of the following exchange-rate systems require international reserves to finance balance-of-payments disequilibriums except:


A) Pegged or fixed exchange rates
B) Managed floating exchange rates
C) Adjustable pegged exchange rates
D) Freely floating exchange rates

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Created by the International Monetary Fund,special drawing rights (SDRs)are unconditional rights to draw currencies of other nations,thus enabling countries to finance their current-account deficits.

A) True
B) False

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True

Debt reduction


A) Refers to any voluntary scheme that lessens the burden on the debtor nation
B) May be accomplished through debt rescheduling
C) May be achieved through debt/equity swaps
D) All of the above

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Eurodollars are:


A) Dollar-denominated deposits in overseas banks
B) European currencies used to finance transactions in the United States
C) Dollars that U.S. residents spend in Europe
D) European currencies used to finance imports from the United States

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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The greater a nation's propensity to apply tariffs and quotas to key sectors,the greater will be the need for international reserves.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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A country with a high debt/export ratio and a high debt service/export ratio would likely be considered as an attractive place in which to invest by foreign residents.

A) True
B) False

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The demand for international reserves is negatively related to the level of world prices and income.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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The U.S.dollar,Japanese yen,British pound,and Mexican peso are the major reserve currencies of the international monetary system.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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